Transformative Leadership and Institutional Ethics in Early Islamic Governance: A Study of Umar’s Caliphate
Author: IJCD/Teguh Luhuringbudi
Transformative leadership refers to a leadership model that not only inspires
and motivates but also co-creates a world where every choice, action, and
discussion encourages a reflection of how we strive for the shared future to
achieve extraordinary outcomes. Likewise, institutional ethics refers to a set
of ethical principles and certain moral standards that can be applied at the
organizational level so that individuals can act with integrity, fairness, and
social responsibility to ensure the institution’s credibility in all its operations.
The applicability of these concepts are extensively in business, education,
and social and religious leadership models. To investigate the leadership
strategies in the early Islamic period, this study examined the Umar ibn al
Khaṭṭāb (RA) leadership strategies, who was the second caliph among the
four rightly guided caliphs and whose administrative, governance reforms
are studied across the world as leadership model. His tenure was marked by
his revolutionary reforms, strong administration, and other initiatives during
his caliphate, especially his people-centred approach to governance. Based
on Islamic principles and his utmost devotion to Allah, his leadership
combined transformative leadership and institutional ethics, in addition to
his strategic military expansion and personal piety. The Farooqian
Leadership Model (FLM) suggests an integrated framework of governance
that harmonizes aspects of mod